Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, hearing voices, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. People with schizophrenia often have additional mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, major depressive illness or substance use disorder. Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in young adulthood, and last a long time.
The causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors. Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use, certain infections, parental age, and poor nutrition during pregnancy. Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the person's reported experiences. During diagnosis a person's culture must also be taken into account. As of 2013 there is no objective test. Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality" or "multiple personality disorder" — a condition with which it is often confused in public perception.
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation. It is unclear if typical or atypical antipsychotics are better. In those who do not improve with other antipsychotics, clozapine may be used. In more serious cases—where there is risk to self or others—involuntary hospitalization may be necessary, although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.
About 0.3–0.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetime. In 2013 there was estimated to be 23.6 million cases globally. Males are more often affected than females. About 20% of people do well and a few recover completely. Social problems, such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness are common. The average life expectancyof people with the disorder is ten to twenty-five years less than the average This is the result of increased physical health problems and a higher suicide rate (about 5%).In 2013 an estimated 16,000 people died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia.
We researched this topic for you and found the following best online resources. They are categorized into basic, advanced, and research level based on the extent of information you need. You will be taken to the respective websites by pressing on the links below.
Basic information:
http://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/ schizophrenia
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/schizophrenia mental health america schizophrenia
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml national institute of mental health schizophrenia
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/schizophrenia/pages/introduction.aspx schizophrenia
http://www.helpguide.org/articles/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-signs-types-and-causes.htm help guide.org schizophrenia
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/36942.php mnt schizophrenia
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/basics/definition/con-20021077 schizophrenia definition
http://www.mindhealthconnect.org.au/schizophrenia mind health connect schizophrenia
https://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/schizophrenia psychology today schizophrenia
http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia/article.htm medicine net.com schizophrenia
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/schiz.html schizophrenia
http://www.everydayhealth.com/schizophrenia/guide/ everyday health schizophrenia
https://www.imh.com.sg/clinical/page.aspx?id=259 institute of mental health schizophrenia
http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/schizophrenia/overview.html new york times schizophrenia
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/schizophrenia better health schizophrenia
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders/schizophrenia merck manuals schizophrenia
http://www.psychguides.com/guides/schizophrenia/ psyc guides schizophrenia
Advanced information:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288259-overview medscape schizophrenia
http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/healthadvice/problemsdisorders/schizophrenia.aspx royal college of psychiatrists schizophrenia
http://psychcentral.com/lib/types-of-schizophrenia/ psych central schizophrenia
http://www.mentalhealth.com/home/dx/schizophrenia.html internet health schizophrenia
http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en/ mental health schizophrenia
http://patient.info/health/schizophrenia-leaflet patient schizophrenia
http://psychiatryonline.org/pb/assets/raw/sitewide/practice_guidelines/guidelines/schizophrenia.pdf practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia second edition
http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign131.pdf management of schizophrenia a national clinical guideline march 2013
http://www.brown.edu/courses/bi_278/other/clerkship/didactics/readings/schizophrenia.pdf schizophrenia (dsm-iv-tr #295.1–295.3, 295.90)
http://isps-dk.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/understanding-psychosis-final-19th-nov-2014.pdf the british psychological society understanding psychosis and schizophrenia
https://www.ranzcp.org/files/resources/publications/cpg/clinician/cpg_clinician_full_schizophrenia-pdf.aspx royal australian and new zealand college of psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders by cherrie galletly et al., australian & new zealand journal of psychiatry 2016, vol. 50(5) 410–472 doi: 10.1177/0004867416641195
Research:
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00653/full review article front. hum. neurosci., 25 august 2014 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00653 a review of structural neuroimaging in schizophrenia: from connectivity to connectomics by anne l. wheeler & aristotle n. voineskos
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00018/full review article front. psychiatry, 21 february 2014 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00018 genetics, cognition, and neurobiology of schizotypal personality: a review of the overlap with schizophrenia by ulrich ettinger et al.
http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244x-11-139 a systematic review and meta-analysis of neurological soft signs in relatives of people with schizophrenia by kishen neelam et al., bmc psychiatrybmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted201111:139 doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-11-139
http://hqlo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7525-7-84 quality of life in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: a literature review by alejandra caqueo-urízar et al., health and quality of life outcomes20097:84 doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-7-84
http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244x-10-69 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (achei's) for the treatment of visual hallucinations in schizophrenia: a review of the literature by sachin s patel et al., bmc psychiatrybmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted201010:69 doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-10-69
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00089/full mini review article front. psychiatry, 28 july 2014 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00089 can exercise increase fitness and reduce weight in patients with schizophrenia and depression? by jesper krogh et al
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2014.00063/full
front. integr. neurosci., 12 august 2014 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2014.00063 what visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia by charles-edouard notredame
soren s, surjit, chaudhury s, bakhla a k. multiple self-inserted pins and nails in pericardium in a patient of schizophrenia: case report and review. ind psychiatry j [serial online] 2015 [cited 2016 may 19];24:82-7. available from: http://www.industrialpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2015/24/1/82/160959
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/970730/ the scientific world journal
volume 2015 (2015), article id 970730, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/970730 review article:efficacy of adjunctive treatments added to olanzapine or clozapine for weight control in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis by yun-jung choi
http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244x-12-159 insight, psychopathology, explanatory models and outcome of schizophrenia in india: a prospective 5-year cohort study by shanthi johnson et al., bmc psychiatrybmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted201212:159 doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-159
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa051688 effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia by jeffrey a. lieberman et al n engl j med 2005; 353:1209-1223september 22, 2005doi: 10.1056/nejmoa051688
Other helpful resources(support groups):
http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/get-help/a-z/resource/3/schizophrenia mental health foundation
http://www.schizophrenia.on.ca/ schizophrenia society of ontario
http://www.schizophrenia.ab.ca/ schizophrenia society of Alberta
Related videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyhvbllo2bu schizophrenia simulated
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvhngz0omx0 schizophrenic kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48yjmocykvc living with schizophrenia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nenklxgamak schizophrenia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl5rp2r-exo paranoid schizophrenia- what it's like (my experience)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxktavprdzu schizophrenia & dissociative disorders: crash course psychology #32
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1blxu9s94s schizophrenia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vyq6pbjt2k meet "seven" | born schizophrenic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anoukwxtcbu schizophrenia - full documentary on how schizophrenia effects individuals and relationships