Kaposis Sarcoma

kaposis-sarcoma

Kaposis Sarcoma

Last Reviewed : 12/28/2020

Kaposi's Sarcoma/Sarcoma Idiopathicum Multiplex Hemorrhagicum Kaposi/Kaposi's Disease

Kaposi sarcoma (/'kæp??i s??r'ko?m?/; KS) is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or KS agent. It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s. The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994. Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection, there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV-8 infection.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement. Four subtypes have been described: Classic KS, affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent; African endemic KS; KS iniatrogenically immunosuppressed patients; and AIDS-related KS. The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies: macular, patch, plaque, nodular, and exophytic. The cutaneous lesions can be solitary, localized or disseminated. KS can involve the oral cavity, lymph nodes, and viscera. Classic KS tends to be indolent, presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities. African endemic KS and AIDS-related KS tend to be more aggressive. The AIDS-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk, face, and oral mucosa. The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and, if clinically indicated, internal imaging should be done.

Once the diagnosis of KS has been made, treatment is based on the subtype and the presence of localized versus systemic disease. Localized cutaneous disease can be treated with cryotherapy, intralesional injections of vinblastine, alitretinoin gel, radiotherapy, topical immunotherapy (Imiquimod), or surgical excision. Extensive cutaneous disease and/or internal disease may require intravenous chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended when KS arises in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression. However, with AIDS-related KS, highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) has been shown to prevent, or induce regression of KS. Some AIDS patients have complete resolution of the lesions and prolonged remission while continuing the therapy. Therefore, HAART should be considered first-line treatment for these patients, though they may require other treatments at the same time.

We researched this topic for you and found the following best online resources. They are categorized into basic, advanced, and research level based on the extent of information you need. You will be taken to the respective websites by pressing on the links below.

Basic information:

http://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/kaposi-treatment-pdq cancer.gov national cancer institute kaposi sarcoma treatment (pdq®)–patient version

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173259.php mnt kaposi sarcoma: causes, symptoms and treatment

http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/guide/aids-hiv-opportunistic-infections-kaposis-sarcoma__ hiv, aids, and kaposi’s sarcoma

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kaposis-sarcoma/pages/introduction.aspx nhs uk kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.healthline.com/health/kaposis-sarcoma health line kaposi's sarcoma

https://www.poz.com/basics/hiv-basics/kaposis-sarcoma-ks poz kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/cancers-of-the-skin/kaposi-sarcoma msd manuals(professional version) kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.news-medical.net/health/what-is-kaposi-sarcoma.aspx news medical.net what is kaposi's sarcoma?

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/kaposis_sarcoma/ uscf kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.aocd.org/?page=kaposissarcoma american osteopathic college of dermatology kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/kaposis_sarcoma.aspx encyclopedia kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.dermis.net/dermisroot/en/17313/diagnose.htm dermis.net kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/kaposis-sarcoma med broadcast kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/hc/kaposis-sarcoma-3168559/ health central kaposi's sarcoma

Advanced information:

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kaposissarcoma.html medline plus kaposi's sarcoma

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279734-overview medscape kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.dermnetnz.org/lesions/kaposi-sarcoma.html dermnet nz kaposi's sarcoma

http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/insite?page=kb-00&doc=kb-06-02-03 hiv insite clinical characteristics of kaposi sarcoma

http://patient.info/doctor/kaposis-sarcoma patient kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/sarcoma-kaposi/symptoms-and-signs cancer.net kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/cancer-questions/kaposis-sarcoma cancer research uk kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm200004063421407 kaposi's sarcoma by karen antman, m.d., and yuan chang, m.d. n engl j med 2000; 342:1027-1038april 6, 2000doi: 10.1056/nejm200004063421407

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/kaposi-sarcoma radiopedia kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=549&id=9627 onco link kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.eyecancer.com/conditions/18/conjunctival-kaposi-sarcoma eye cancer.com conjunctival kaposi's sarcoma

http://www.histopathology-india.net/ks.htm histopathology.net pathology of kaposi's sarcoma by dr sampurna roy md

http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/20/applications/kaposissarcoma.pdf?ua=1 who kaposi’s sarcoma union for international cancer control 2014 review of cancer medicines on the who list of essential medicines

http://www.cancernetwork.com/review-article/pathogenesis-aids-related-kaposis-sarcoma cancer network.com pathogenesis of aids-related kaposi's sarcomareview article | march 01, 1996 | aids-related tumors, sarcoma by christos emmanoulides, md, steven a. miles, md, and ronald t. mitsuyasu, md

Research:

http://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-11-240 activation of pi3k/akt and erk mapk signal pathways is required for the induction of lytic cycle replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by herpes simplex virus type 1 by di qin et al., bmc microbiology201111:240 doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-240

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0100-879x2001000700007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2001000700007 braz j med biol res, july 2001, volume 34(7) 879-886 hhv-8 infection in patients with aids-related kaposi's sarcoma in brazil by r. keller et al.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/sarcoma/2008/825093/ sarcoma
volume 2008 (2008), article id 825093, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/825093 case report:targeting mtor in hiv-negative classic kaposi's sarcoma by ofer merimsky et al.,

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/criid/2013/546578/ case reports in infectious diseases
volume 2013 (2013), article id 546578, 3 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/546578 case report:fatal disseminated kaposi's sarcoma due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome following haart initiation by fatuma catherine atieno odongo.

http://bmcclinpathol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6890-6-7 morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of in-situ kaposi's sarcoma by panagiotis a konstantinopoulos etal bmc clinical pathologybmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted20066:7 doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-6-7

http://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422x-8-539 seroprevalence and risk factors of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection among the general uygur population from south and north region of xinjiang, china by hui wang et al.,

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0100-879x2006000500002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2006000500002 braz j med biol res, may 2006, volume 39(5) 573-580 kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and kaposi's sarcoma in brazil by s. ramos-da-silva et al.,

http://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1947-4-206 pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma after heart transplantation: a case report by florian r fritzsche et al., journal of medical case reports20104:206 doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-206

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s1413-86702015000400444&lng=en&tlng=en braz j infect dis vol.19 no.4 salvador july/aug. 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2015.04.001 clinical images:kaposi's sarcoma simulating verrucous syndrome by cassio porto ferreira et al.,

http://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2369-8-6 molecularly targeted therapy for kaposi's sarcoma in a kidney transplant patient: case report, "what worked and what did not" by patricia volkow et al., bmc nephrologybmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted20078:6 doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-8-6

http://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1947-2-213 kaposi's sarcoma of the hand mimicking squamous cell carcinoma in a woman with no evidence of hiv infection: a case report by christophoros kosmidis et al., journal of medical case reports20082:213 doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-2-213

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0041-87812002000400008 leão jc et al. - human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) and the etiopathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma. rev. hosp. clín. fac. med. s. paulo 57(4):175-186, 2002.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/crionm/2012/137291/ case reports in oncological medicine
volume 2012 (2012), article id 137291, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/137291 case report:visceral kaposi's sarcoma related to human herpesvirus-8 in liver transplant recipient: case report and literature review by h. benhammane et al.,

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s2210261214003691 case report: hiv negative isolated scrotal kaposi's sarcoma by hamid ozmen et al., international journal of surgery case reports volume 5, issue 12, 2014, pages 1086–1087 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.11.019

http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?js04038 kaposi’s sarcoma of the lung: a case report. east and central african journal of surgery volume 9 number 2 - december 2004.

kharkar v, gutte rm, khopkar u, mahajan s, chikhalkar s. kaposi's sarcoma: a presenting manifestation of hiv infection in an indian. indian j dermatol venereol leprol [serial online] 2009 [cited 2016 may 31];75:391-3. available from: http://www.ijdvl.com/text.asp?2009/75/4/391/53137

Kaposis Sarcoma

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