Glaucoma: Causes, Symptoms- Mdadvices.com

glaucoma

Glaucoma

Last Reviewed : 12/28/2020

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma with less common types including closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain. Side vision may begin to decrease followed by central vision resulting in blindness if not treated. Closed-angle glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly. The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain, blurred vision, mid-dilated pupil, redness of the eye, and nausea. Vision loss from glaucoma, once it has occurred, is permanent.

Risk factor for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye, a family history of the condition, migraines, high blood pressure, andobesity. For eye pressures a value of greater than 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa is often used with higher pressures leading to a greater risk. However, some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage. Conversely, optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure, known as normal-tension glaucoma. The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork. Diagnosis is by a dilated eye exam. Often the optic nerve shows a feature known as cupping.

If treated early it is possible to slow or stop the progression of disease with medication, laser treatment, or surgery. The goal of these treatments is to decrease eye pressure. A number of different classes of glaucoma medication are available. Laser treatments may be effective in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma. A number of types of glaucoma surgeries may be used in people who do not respond sufficiently to other measures. Treatment of closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency.

About 11 to 67 million people have glaucoma globally. The disease affects about 2 million people in the United States. It occurs more commonly among older people. Closed-angle glaucoma is more common in women. Glaucoma has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts. The word "glaucoma" is from ancient Greek glaukos which means blue, green, or gray. In English, the word was used as early as 1587 but did not become commonly used until after 1850, when the development of the ophthalmoscope allowed people to see the optic nerve damage.

We researched this topic for you and found the following best online resources. They are categorized into basic, advanced, and research level based on the extent of information you need. You will be taken to the respective websites by pressing on the links below.

Basic information:

http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/glaucoma-eyes web md glaucoma and your eyes

https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts national eye institute facts about glaucoma

http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/glaucoma.htm all about vision glaucoma: types, symptoms,
diagnosis and treatment

http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma american acdemy of ophthalmology what is glaucoma?

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/basics/definition/con-20024042 mayoclinic definition

http://www.medicinenet.com/glaucoma/article.htm medicine net.com glaucoma

http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/glaucoma.html kellogg university glaucoma

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/pages/introduction.aspx nhs uk glaucoma

http://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions/glaucoma?sso=y american ophthalmology association glaucoma

http://www.healthline.com/health/glaucoma healthline glaucoma

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/glaucoma_overview/article_em.htm emedicine health glaucoma

http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/glaucoma/overview-of-glaucoma msd manuals (professional version) glaucoma

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/cole-eye/diseases-conditions/hic-glaucoma clevland clinic glaucoma

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-glaucoma better health glaucoma

Advanced information:

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9710.php mnt glaucoma: symptoms, causes, treatments

http://patient.info/health/chronic-open-angle-glaucoma patient chronic open-angle glaucoma

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1205154-overview medscape primary angle-closure glaucoma

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1205736-overview medscape neovascular glaucoma

http://ryokunaisho.jp/english/guidelines_for_glaucoma.pdf japan glaucoma society guidelines for glaucoma

Research:

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0004-27492014000600009&lng=en&tlng=en arq. Bras. Oftalmol. Vol.77 no.6 são paulo nov./dec. 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20140090 original articles:non-pupillary block angle-closure mechanisms: a comprehensive analysis of their prevalence and treatment outcomes by daniela l. M. Junqueira et al.,

http://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2415-5-7 is post-trabeculectomy hypotony a risk factor for subsequent failure? A case control study by sarah e benson et al, bmc ophthalmologybmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted20055:7 doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-5-7

Wagh v d, patil p n, surana s j, wagh k v. Forskolin: upcoming antiglaucoma molecule. J postgrad med [serial online] 2012 [cited 2016 jun 10];58:199-202. Available from: http://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2012/58/3/199/101396

http://www.saudiophthaljournal.com/article/s1319-4534(15)00028-4/fulltext efficacy and safety of 1% forskolin eye drops in open angle glaucoma – an open label study by muhammed majeed et al., july–september, 2015volume 29, issue 3, pages 197–200 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjopt.2015.02.003

http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1828526 vision restoration training for glaucomaa randomized clinical trial by bernhard a. Sabel, phd; julia gudlin, phd jama ophthalmol. 2014;132(4):381-389. Doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.7963

http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/2/117.full non-secretion of mutant proteins of the glaucoma gene myocilin in cultured trabecular meshwork cells and in aqueous humor by nasreen jacobson et al., hum. Mol. Genet. (2001) 10 (2):117-125.doi: 10.1093/hmg/10.2.117

Glaucoma

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