Synonyms : Brooder pneumonia, pseudotuberculosis, “asper”mycosis, mycotic pneumonia
Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by infection by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. The majority of cases occur in people with underlying illnesses such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but with otherwise healthy immune systems. Most commonly, aspergillosis occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA),aspergilloma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Some forms are intertwined; for example ABPA and simple aspergilloma can progress to CPA.
Other, non-invasive manifestations include fungal sinusitis (both allergic in nature and with established fungal balls), otomycosis (ear infection), keratitis (eye infection) and onychomycosis (nail infection). In most instances these are less severe, and curable with effective antifungal treatment.
People with deficient immune systems—such as patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy for leukaemia, or AIDS—are at risk of more disseminated disease. Acute invasive aspergillosis occurs when the immune system fails to prevent Aspergillus spores from entering the bloodstream via the lungs. Without the body mounting an effective immune response, fungal cells are free to disseminate throughout the body and can infect major organs such as the heart and kidneys.
The most frequently identified pathogen is Aspergillus fumigatus—a ubiquitous organism that is capable of living under extensive environmental stress. It is estimated that most humans inhale thousands of Aspergillus spores daily, but they do not affect most people’s health due to effective immune responses. Taken together, the major chronic, invasive and allergic forms of aspergillosis account for around 600,000 deaths annually worldwide.
We researched this topic for you and found the following best online resources. They are categorized into basic, advanced, and research level based on the extent of information you need. You will be taken to the respective websites by pressing on the links below.
Basic information:
http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/ aspergillosis
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001326.htm aspergillosis
http://www.healthline.com/health/aspergillosis aspergillosis
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/basics/definition/con-20030330 aspergillosis definition
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/aspergillosis/pages/introduction.aspx aspergillosis
http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/fungi/aspergillosis aspergillosis
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic-aspergillosis aspergillosis
http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/aspergillosis/ aspergillosis
https://www.uhsm.nhs.uk/services/specialist/respiratory/fungal-disease-aspergillosis/ university hospital of south manchester aspergillosis
https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/aspergillosis.pdf american thorasic society aspergillosis
http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/aspergillosis aspergillosis
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/aspergillosis aspergillosis
http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/medical-information-0/search-medical-conditions/aspergillosis great ormand street hospital. aspergillosis
Advanced information:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-overview aspergillosis
http://patient.info/doctor/aspergillosis aspergillosis
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-aspergillosis aspergillosis
http://www.avianbiotech.com/diseases/aspergillosis.htm avian biotech.com aspergillosis
http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/insite?page=kb-00&doc=kb-05-02-02 university of san fransisco, hiv insite aspergillosis
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/field_manual/chapter_13.pdf aspergillosis
http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/mycoses/opportunistic/aspergillosis/ aspergillosis
http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiographics.21.4.g01jl03825 rsna radiographics education exhibit - continuing medical education:spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis: histologic, clinical, and radiologic findings by tomás franquet et al. july 2001 volume 21, issue 4
http://www.dermnetnz.org/fungal/aspergillosis.html aspergillosis
http://www.orpha.net/consor4.01/www/cgi-bin/oc_exp.php?lng=en&expert=1164 aspergillosis
http://www.histopathology-india.net/asper.htm histopathology india, aspergillosis
http://www.icd10data.com/icd10cm/codes/a00-b99/b35-b49/b44- aspergillosis
http://www.sppneumologia.pt/uploads/files/gruposdeestudo/n%c3%bacleo%20de%20estudos%20de%20bronquiectasias%20n%c3%a3o%20fibrose%20qu%c3%adstica/pdf81.pdfallergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and other fungal diseases.
Research:
http://err.ersjournals.com/content/20/121/156 pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review by m. kousha, r. tadi, a.o. soubani doi: 10.1183/09059180.00001011 european respiratory review
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/3/327.1.full treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the infectious diseases society of america by thomas j. walsh et al. clin infect dis. (2008) 46 (3):327-360.doi: 10.1086/525258
http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1921025 diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis syndromes by karen c. patterson et al. chest. 2014;146(5):1358-1368. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0917
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s175500171100011x invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient by vikas pathak et al volume 4, issue 3, 2011, pages 105–106 doi:10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.12.004
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajt.12115/pdf aspergillosis in solid organ transplantation by n. m. singha et al american journal of transplantation 2013; 13: 228–241 doi: 10.1111/ajt.12115
http://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-29 aspergillosis in intensive care unit (icu) patients: epidemiology and economic outcomes by john w baddley et al bmc infectious diseases bmc series ¿ open, inclusive and trusted201313:29 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-29
http://www.ajnr.org/content/20/9/1597.full american journal of neuroradiology disseminated aspergillosis involving the brain: distribution and imaging characteristics by david r. delone et al ajnr 1999 20: 1597-1604.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/criot/2016/1234196/ case reports in otolaryngology
volume 2016 (2016), article id 1234196, 3 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1234196case report:primary aspergillosis of the larynx by richard h. law et al.
http://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/files_site/paperlist/r_233_120919104344.pdf is pulmonary aspergillosis common in diabetes mellitus patients? by anahita shahnazi et al tanaffos (2010) 9(3), 69-74
http://cmr.asm.org/content/22/3/447.full pathogenesis of aspergillus fumigatus in invasive aspergillosis by taylor r. t. dagenais and nancy p. keller, doi: 10.1128/cmr.00055-08clin. microbiol. rev. july 2009vol. 22 no. 3 447-4651 july 2009
http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/ajr.174.3.1740795 semiinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis ct and pathologic findings in six patients by su young kim et al american journal of roentgenology. 2000;174: 795-798. 10.2214/ajr.174.3.1740795
http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2007;volume=24;issue=4;spage=156;epage=161;aulast=bedi bedi r s, bedi gk. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis : indian scenario. lung india 2007;24:156-61doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.44384
http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v23/n3/full/7210876a.html perinatal/neonatal case presentation: aspergillosis in a 24-week newborn: a case report by mark d herron md et al journal of perinatology (2003) 23, 256–259. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210876
http://www.ijss-sn.com/uploads/2/0/1/5/20153321/case_report_3.pdf orbital invasive aspergillosis - a rare fungal infection of eye by saksham nahar et al, international journal of scientific study october-december 2013 | volume 01 | issue 03
http://www.turner-white.com/memberfile.php?pubcode=hp_apr99_aspergill.pdf central nervous system aspergillosis:a case report and literature review by jennifer w. fasciano, md
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/100/13/4358?sso-checked=true invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: changes in epidemiology and risk factors by kieren a. marr et al december 15, 2002; blood: 100 (13). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-05-1496
http://www.omicsonline.org/a-retrospective-study-of-the-risk-factors-for-invasive-aspergillosis-in-iran-2161-0517.1000111.php?aid=14139 a retrospective study of the risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in iran by shahindokht bassiri-jahromi jahromi sb (2013) a retrospective study of the risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in iran. virol mycol 2:111. doi: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000111
http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/ijtb/year%201998/october%201998/oct%201998%20h.pdf pulmonary tuberculosis : a predisposing factor forcolonising and invasive aspergillosis of lungs* by b.n. panda, d. rosha and m. verma ind. j. tub., 1998, 45, 221
http://www.em-consulte.com/rmr/article/269300 epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis and risk factors in non neutropaenic patients by j.p.gangeux et al revue des maladies respiratoires
volume 27, numéro 8 pages e34-e46 (octobre 2010) doi : 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.01.004
http://newyorkmedicaljournal.org/index.php/articles/pulmonary_invasive_aspergillosis_presenting_as_leucocytosis_in_a_patient_onpulmonary invasive aspergillosis presenting as leucocytosis in a patient on immunosuppression after renal transplantation by truptesh h. kothari et al.the new york medical journal sept 1 2007.
http://www.dept-med.pitt.edu/id/uploads/journalclub/combination%20for%20ia%20(annals,%202015).pdf combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis,a randomized trial by kieren a. marr,et al. ann intern med. 2015;162:81-89. doi:10.7326/m13-2508
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098502 multi-country estimate of different manifestations of aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis by joanne armstead,julie morris,david w. denning .published: june 10, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098502
http://www.haematologica.org/content/98/11/1657 early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in hematologic patients: an opportunity to improve the outcome by marcio nucci et al. haematologica november 2013 98: 1657-1660; doi:10.3324/haematol.2013.094359
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/126/14/1780.full invasive aspergillosis:extensive cardiac involvement demonstrated by cardiac magnetic resonance by matthias paul et al. circulation.2012; 126: 1780-1783doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.090852
Other articles:
http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/when-consider-aspergillosis-dogs dvm 360 aspergillosis
http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1829&aid=2384 aspergillosis
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/generalized_conditions/fungal_infections/aspergillosis.html aspergillosis
http://www.thepoultrysite.com/diseaseinfo/7/aspergillosis/ aspergillosis
http://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/infectious-parasitic/c_multi_aspergillosis aspergillosis
Other helpful resources(support groups):
http://www.aspergillus.org.uk/ aspergillus ans aspergillosis website
http://www.nacpatients.org.uk/ information & support for patients & carers
http://www.fungalinfectiontrust.org/fungaldisasp.html fungal infection trust
http://lungfoundation.com.au/understanding-allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis-abpa/ lung foundation
Related videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpn7yvnqkag aspergillosis - causes, symptoms, treatments & more…
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-aspergillosis-fungal-infections-symptoms.html what is aspergillosis? - fungal infections & symptoms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_de4qzpwp8q aspergillosis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1uuazcil78 aspergillosis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iluykxbyad8 aspergillosis symptoms and treatments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9tw79bkgas histopathology lung--aspergillosis
Presentations/quiz/newspaper articles
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/12/11-089441/en/ global burden of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis as a sequel to pulmonary tuberculosis by david w denning
http://eradiology.bidmc.harvard.edu/learninglab/respiratory/wei.pdf pulmonary aspergillosis
http://www.slideshare.net/praveen4777/aspergillosis-dr-praveen-kumar-doddamani
http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/news/2014/10/breath-test-shows-promise-for-diagnosing-fungal-pneumonia.aspxbreath test shows promise for diagnosing fungal pneumonia october 23, 2014 posted in news, pneumonia, fungal infections, research, aspergillosis
http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/news/2015/03/fda-approves-new-antifungal-drug-cresemba.aspx fda approves new antifungal drug cresemba march 9, 2015 posted in news, food and drug administration (fda), fungal infections, aspergillosis
http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/news/2015/12/worlds-first-clinical-guidelines-for-chronic-fungal-lung-infections-are-available.aspx world's first clinical guidelines for chronic fungal lung infections are available december 23, 2015 posted in news, fungal infections, guidelines, aspergillosis
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-02-radioactively-antibodies-invasive-pulmonary-aspergillosis.html radioactively labelled antibodies to help detect invasive pulmonary aspergillosis february 23, 2016