Apthous ulcers

Aphthous stomatitis (also termed recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurring oral aphthae or recurrent aphthous ulceration; from Greek: ?f?a aphtha, "mouth ulcer") is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals. The informal term canker sores is also used, mainly in North America, although this may also refer to any mouth ulcer.

The cause is not completely understood, but involves a T cell-mediated immune response triggered by a variety of factors. Different individuals have different triggers, which may include nutritional deficiencies, local trauma, stress, hormonal influences, allergies, genetic predisposition or other factors.

These ulcers occur periodically and heal completely between attacks. In the majority of cases, the individual ulcers last about 7–10 days, and ulceration episodes occur 3–6 times per year. Most appear on the non-keratinizing epithelial surfaces in the mouth (i.e. anywhere except the attached gingiva, the hard palate and the dorsum of the tongue), although the more severe forms, which are less common, may also involve keratinizing epithelial surfaces. Symptoms range from a minor nuisance to interfering with eating and drinking. The severe forms may be debilitating, even causing weight loss due to malnutrition.

The condition is very common, affecting about 20% of the general population to some degree. The onset is often during childhood or adolescence, and the condition usually lasts for several years before gradually disappearing. There is no cure, and treatments aim to manage pain, reduce healing time and reduce the frequency of episodes of ulceration.

The following websites are some of the best online resources that provide more information about Apthous ulcers. You will be taken to the respective websites by pressing on the links.

Basic Information:

http://patient.info/in/health/aphthous-mouth-ulcers patient aphthous ulcers

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dental-disorders/symptoms-of-dental-and-oral-disorders/recurrent-aphthous-stomatitis merck manuals(professional version) recurrent aphthous stomatitis

http://www.aaomp.org/public/aphthous-ulcerations.php american academy of oral and maxillofacial pathology aphthous ulcers

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/canker-sore/basics/definition/con-20021262 mayoclinic definition

http://www.healthline.com/health/canker-sores health line canker sore

https://www.poz.com/basics/hiv-basics/aphthous-ulcers-canker-sores poz canker sore

https://www.dermcoll.edu.au/atoz/aphthous-ulcers/ the australian college of dermatologists aphthous ulcers

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/2333.htm medline plus canker sore (aphthous ulcer)

http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/en/healthaz/conditionsanddiseases/inflammatoryconditions/pages/periodic-fever-adenitis-pharyngitis-aphthous-ulcer-pfapa-syndrome.aspx about kids health periodic fever adenitis pharyngitis aphthous ulcer (pfapa) syndrome

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mouth-ulcers better health aphthous ulcers

http://www.livescience.com/34707-canker-sore-causes-treatment-aphthous-ulcers.html live science canker sores: causes & treatments

http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/canker.html kids health aphthous ulcers

Advanced Information:

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/867080-overview medscape aphthous ulcers

http://www.dermnetnz.org/site-age-specific/aphthae.html dermnet nz aphthous ulcers

http://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0701/p149.html management of aphthous ulcers david r. mcbride, m.d., lynn community health center, lynn, massachusetts am fam physician. 2000 jul 1;62(1):149-154.

https://www.derm101.com/therapeutic/aphthous-stomatitis/ derm101 aphthous ulcers (recurrent aphthous stomatitis, canker sore)

http://students.umw.edu/healthcenter/files/2011/08/aphthous-ulcers.pdf aphthous ulcers

deutsches aerzteblatt international. "aphthous ulcers: causes of mucosal inflammation unclear." sciencedaily. sciencedaily, 22 october 2014. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141022103448.htm .

http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/oralcavityaphthous.html pathology outlines oral cavity infectious aphthous ulcers

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/canker_sores/article_em.htm emedicine health aphthous ulcers

http://www.rdhmag.com/articles/print/volume-27/issue-5/columns/oral-exams/aphthous-ulcers.html aphthous ulcers

http://www.dentistrytoday.com/oral-medicine/1527 dentistry today aphthous ulcers: treatment and case report

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/aphthous-ulceration radiopedia aphthous ulcers

http://www.fpnotebook.com/ent/mouth/cnkrsr.htm family practise note book canker sore

https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/56435/aphthous-ulcers/differential-diagnosis epocrates aphthous ulcers

Research:

http://acofs.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/6/9/23692028/acofs009.pdf byahatti s.m incidence of recurrent apthous ulcers in a group of student population in libya:a questionnaire study:arch cranorofac sc 2013;1(2):26-30

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/pri/2012/216254/ tuba kara and duygu düsmez apa, “pathologic features of behçet's disease in the tubuler gut,” pathology research international, vol. 2012, article id 216254, 6 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/216254

muppa r, bhupatiraju p, duddu m, dandempally a. hand, foot and mouth disease. j indian soc pedod prev dent [serial online] 2011 [cited 2016 jul 29];29:165-7. available from: http://www.jisppd.com/text.asp?2011/29/2/165/84692

preeti l, magesh k t, rajkumar k, karthik r. recurrent aphthous stomatitis. j oral maxillofac pathol [serial online] 2011 [cited 2016 jul 29];15:252-6. available from: http://www.jomfp.in/text.asp?2011/15/3/252/86669

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3227248/ j oral maxillofac pathol. 2011 sep-dec; 15(3): 252–256. doi: 10.4103/0973-029x.86669 pmcid: pmc3227248 recurrent aphthous stomatitis by l preeti, kt magesh

http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v199/n5/full/4812649a.html british dental journal 199, 259 - 264 (2005) published online: 10 september 2005 | doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812649 subject category: oral medicine oral medicine — update for the dental practitioner aphthous and other common ulcers by c scully¹ & d h felix²

anand v, gulati m, govila v, anand b. low level laser therapy in the treatment of aphthous ulcer. indian j dent res [serial online] 2013 [cited 2016 jul 31];24:267-70. available from: http://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2013/24/2/267/116691

http://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/documents/volumes/vol6issue06/jpsr06061405.pdf various remedies for recurrent aphthous ulcera review p.s.subiksha /j. pharm. sci. & res. vol. 6(6), 2014,251-253

https://www.dentistry.utoronto.ca/system/files/aphthousulcers.pdf the best treatment for aphthous ulcers an evidence-based study of the literature by r. fernandes, t. tuckey, p. lam, s. allidina, s. sharifi and d. nia

http://www.reumatologiaclinica.org/en/recurrent-aphthous-stomatitis-in-rheumatology/articulo/s2173574311000153/review article:recurrent aphthous stomatitis in rheumatology by gabriel riera matute , elena riera alonso reumatol clin 2011;7:323-8 - vol. 7 num.5 doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2011.05.002

http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6831-9-31 prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulceration in jordanian dental patients by rima ahmad safadi bmc oral health20099:31 doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-9-31

http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/bmj/article/viewfile/9948/7385 colchicine in the treatment of recurrent oral aphthous ulcer -open clinical trial in bangladesh by a hassan et al., bangladesh medical journal 2010 vol. 39 no. 3

angeline archana j p, jesudoss prabhakaran a c. pharmacotherapy of recurrent aphthous ulcers. chron young sci [serial online] 2011 [cited 2016 jul 31];2:134-8. available from: http://www.cysonline.org/text.asp?2011/2/3/134/90889

http://www.ijcmr.com/uploads/7/7/4/6/77464738/fijcmr_642_may_26.pdf shiny george, biju baby joseph. a study on aphthous ulcer and its association with stress among medical students of an indian medical institution. international journal of contemporary medical research 2016;3(6):1692-1695

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6332273_recurrent_aphthous_ulcerative_disease_presentation_and_managementrecurrent aphthous ulcerative disease: presentation and management by vanja vucicevic boras et al., australian dental journal 52(1):10-5 doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00459.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/150412/ fernando alves vale, maria stella moreira, fernanda campos souza de almeida, and karen muller ramalho, “low-level laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers: a systematic review,” the scientific world journal, vol. 2015, article id 150412, 7 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/150412

kiran gc, reginald ba. aphthous ulcers, salivary peroxidase and stress: are they related?. j oral maxillofac pathol [serial online] 2015 [cited 2016 jul 31];19:37-41. available from: http://www.jomfp.in/text.asp?2015/19/1/37/157199

Related Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznm9kmk4pu mouth ulcer home remedy, aphthous ulcer treatment, mouth ulc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o2gr_eqoqu aphthous stomatitis - canker sores

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cebm9ymjbg aphthous mouth ulcers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoxfkj2c5vc aphthous mouth ulcers - dr kirthi vidyasagar

Presentations/Quiz/Newspaper articles:

http://www.slideshare.net/drmanjupriya/aphthous-ulcer aphthous ulcer
presented by – dr.manjulamuthuraj
manju